Preparation and physicochemical properties of PVA/HA composite microspheres for embolization / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite embolization microspheres and investigate their physicochemical properties.Methods:PVA/HA composite embolization microspheres were prepared by reverse suspension polymerization, using PVA and HA as dispersed phases, liquid paraffin containing sorbitan fatty acid ester as the continuous phase, and glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The morphology, particle size distribution, and microscopic morphology of PVA/HA composite embolization microspheres were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical structure of PVA/HA composite embolization microspheres and the elasticity, drug loading, and drug release properties of PVA/HA composite bolus microspheres were characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy.Results:The PVA/HA composite embolization microspheres were internal, porous round spheres with a particle size distribution of 50-300 μm. The elastic properties of PVA/HA composite embolization microspheres were(13.6±0.145) kPa, which was 2.28 times that of PVA microspheres, and the drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency were (76.80±1.22) mg/g and (38.4±12.7)%, respectively. The maximum cumulative release rate of the microspheres within 7 days was (7.37±0.101)%, and the maximum cumulative release was (256.2±9.8) μg.Conclusions:PVA/HA composite embolization microspheres have good mechanical properties and drug-loading and drug-releasing properties, which provide an important reference for their use as medical devices.

CX3C-chemokine receptor 1 modulates cognitive dysfunction induced by sleep deprivation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Microglia plays an indispensable role in the pathological process of sleep deprivation (SD). Here, the potential role of microglial CX3C-chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) in modulating the cognition decline during SD was evaluated in terms of microglial neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning. In this study, we aimed to investigat whether the interference in the microglial function by the CX3CR1 knockout affects the CNS's response to SD.@*METHODS@#Middle-aged wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and CX3CR1-/- mice were either subjected to SD or allowed normal sleep (S) for 8 h to mimic the pathophysiological changes of middle-aged people after staying up all night. After which, behavioral and histological tests were used to explore their different changes.@*RESULTS@#CX3CR1 deficiency prevented SD-induced cognitive impairments, unlike WT groups. Compared with the CX3CR1-/- S group, the CX3CR1-/- SD mice reported a markedly decreased microglia and cellular oncogene fos density in the dentate gyrus (DG), decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased microglial phagocytosis-related factors, whereas increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and a significant increase in the density of spines of the DG were also noted.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These findings suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency leads to different cerebral behaviors and responses to SD. The inflammation-attenuating activity and the related modification of synaptic pruning are possible mechanism candidates, which indicate CX3CR1 as a candidate therapeutic target for the prevention of the sleep loss-induced cognitive impairments.

Side of oneset of motor symptoms influences sleep in Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD) with different onset sides, and to analyze the correlation between PD kinesia-onset side and sleep disorders.Methods:A total of 658 patients with primary PD admitted to the Special Outpatient Department of Parkinson′s disease in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2015 to March 2021 were collected. According to the onset side of motor symptoms, they were divided into the left group (313 cases) and the right group (345 cases). The medical history collection and physical examination were conducted to evaluate the motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms [Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS)], depression state and cognitive function of the patients. Parkinson′s Disease Sleep Sclale-2 (PDSS-2) and the Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) were used to evaluate and analyze their sleep status, and comparisons were made between groups. Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to access the risk factors associated with sleep disorders in Parkinson′s disease.Results:The scores of daytime fatigue [2.00(0, 4.00)] and unexplained limb pain [4.00(0, 4.00)] in NMSS assessment of PD patients in the left onset group were significantly higher than those in the right onset group [1.00(0, 3.00), Z=-2.545, P=0.001; 2.00(0, 4.00), Z=-2.797, P=0.005]. There was no significant difference in the total score of PDSS-2 between the two groups, but there were significant differences in limb restlessness, periodic limb activity, muscle spasm and early drowsiness between the two groups. In the evaluation of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), the total score of RBDSQ in the left onset group [2.00(0, 4.00)] was significantly higher than that in the right onset group [1.00(0, 3.00), Z=-4.363, P<0.001]. The incidence of dream content, nocturnal behavior, nocturnal exercise, self-injury and bed partner in dream, abnormal behavior at night, nighttime awakening, dream memory and sleep disorder in the left onset group was also higher than that in the right onset group. In addition, binary multivariate Logistic regression showed that PD-related sleep disorders were associated with onset of advanced age ( OR=1.037, 95% CI 1.018-1.057, P<0.001), course of disease ( OR=1.014, 95% CI 1.010-1.018, P<0.001) and onset of abnormal postural gait ( OR=1.505,95% CI 1.058-2.141, P=0.023). RBD in patients with PD was associated with left onset ( OR=2.215,95% CI 1.395-3.515, P=0.001), advanced age onset ( OR=1.045,95% CI 1.019-1.072, P=0.001) and course of disease ( OR=1.014,95% CI 1.009-1.019, P<0.001). Conclusions:PD patients with left onset are more likely to have sleep disorders such as limb restlessness, periodic limb activity, muscle spasm and early drowsiness. At the same time, the incidence and severity of RBD in patients with left onset of PD are significantly higher than those of patients with right onset of PD. The onset side of motor symptoms of PD is an important factor affecting sleep disorders, and the onset of left side may be a risk factor for PD patients with RBD.

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy caused by transthyretin Ala117Ser mutation: a case report and literature review / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations of familial amyloid multiple neuropathy (FAP) caused by Ala117Ser mutation, and to improve the clinical recognition of FAP.Methods:The clinical manifestations, electrophysiological examination, pathology and gene mutation characteristics of a case of FAP, who admitted to Fujian Medical University Union Hospital on November 25, 2014, were analyzed, and the literatures on the FAP cases caused by Ala117Ser mutation were reviewed and summarized.Results:The patient was a 59-year-old male from Fujian province. The first symptom was numbness in the extremities, followed by obvious autonomic nerve symptoms and motor disorder, and fatal cardiac dysfunction occurred in the later stage of the disease. The skin biopsy showed amyloidosis, and transthyretin gene analysis indicated the mutation of c.349G>T p.Ala117Ser. The clinical manifestations of FAP caused by Ala117Ser mutation reported in literatures are consistent with this case. And the reported FAP cases in China are concentrated in southern regions such as Fujian Province and Guangdong Province.Conclusions:Ala117Ser mutation in FAP patients is usually late onset and clinically manifested as multiple sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, accompanied by prominent autonomic symptoms. The distribution of the patients has significant regional characteristics. Histopathological and genetic tests for the clinical diagnosis are of great significance.

Early-onset Parkinson′s disease caused by 22q11.2 deletion: a case report / 中华神经科杂志

Many pathogenic genes have been identified in early-onset Parkinson′s disease, but the early-onset Parkinson′s disease with 22q11.2 deletion has not been reported in Chinese. A case of early-onset Parkinson′s disease with 22q11.2 deletion was confirmed by whole-exome sequencing-based copy number variation detection in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. This article reports its clinical characteristics and discusses its pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment management.

Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of dementia without delay / 中华神经科杂志

With the acceleration of the aging process of the population, the number of patients suffering from dementia has increased year by year, which has become a prominent social public health problem and has brought a huge burden to the global economy. The effective intervention of controllable risk factors for dementia can reduce and delay the occurrence of dementia by 40%. Strengthening the intervention of the controllable risk factors of dementia, promoting the early diagnosis of dementia, improving the whole-process management of dementia treatment, and exploring new therapeutic targets are a huge systematic project that urgently needs the joint efforts of individuals and the public health system.

Effects of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum on feeding intolerance in preterm infants / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of oropharyngeal administration of colostrum on feeding intolerance in preterm infants.Methods:A total of 87 preterm infants from December 2016 to December 2017 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were distributed to the study group(41 cases) and the control group(46 cases) by random digits table method. The study group got oropharyngeal administration of 0.4 ml of own mother’s colostrum three times a day for 5 days. The control group got sterile water. The research data included early gastric residual volumes(the first to fourteenth day), gastric residual times and feeding status.Results:The gastric residual volumes on the eighth day, the eleventh day, the twelfth day were 8.5(0, 18.25), 0(0, 13.50), 2.5(0, 5.00) ml in the control group and 0(0,9.00), 0(0,1.00), 0(0,2.50) ml in the study group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -2.001, -1.987, -2.061, all P<0.05). The gastric residual times on the eighth day, the eleventh day were 1.5(0, 4.0), 0(0, 2.0) times in the control group, and 0(0, 1.0), 0(0, 0.5) times in the study group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -1.984, -2.267, all P<0.05).The vomiting times on the tenth day, the twelfth day were 0(0, 1.0), 0(0, 1.0) times in the control group and 0(0, 0.0), 0(0, 0.0) times in the study group, the differences were statistically significant ( t values were -3.149, -2.098, P<0.01 or 0.05). The time reaching full enteral feeding was (17.45±10.44) d in the study group, and (21.62±5.52) d in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t value was -2.022, P<0.05). Conclusions:Oropharyngeal administration of colostrum can better the condition of feeding intolerance.

Study on the structure of retina in Parkinson′s disease with cognitive impairment / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To observe the intrinsic association between cognitive function in patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD) and retinal structural changes in retina nerve fiber layer thickness, macular volume and macular thickness.Methods:A total of 36 patients with PD and 12 normal controls matched with age and sex were selected randomly. Examinations of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ (UPDRS-Ⅲ), Hoehn-Yahr stage were performed in all subjects. The PD patients were divided into three groups according to the score of MoCA: PD without cognitive impairment (PD-NCI; n=12), PD with mild cognitive dysfunction (PD-MCI; n=13) and PD dementia (PDD; n=11). The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular volume and thickness which were corrected with body mass index (BMI) were determined and analyzed by optical coherence tomography imaging. Results:The total RNFL thickness (μm/BMI) of the PD with cognitive impairment group (PD-MCI group: 3.55±0.12 ( t=2.552, P=0.014), PDD group: 3.07±0.18 ( t=4.122, P=0.000)) was thinner than that of the normal control group (4.05±0.16). The RNFL thickness in each quadrant of the PD with cognitive impairment group (PD-MCI group and PDD group) was thinner than those of the normal control group. The RNFL thickness gradually became thinner with the cognitive impairment increasing ( r=0.558 3, P<0.001). The macular volume (mm 3/BMI) of PD group (PD-NCI group: 0.274±0.010 ( t=2.523, P=0.015), PD-MCI group: 0.268±0.010 ( t=2.848, P=0.007), PDD group: 0.266±0.010 ( t=2.604, P=0.013)) was smaller than that in the normal control group (0.316±0.010), and the macular volume gradually decreased with the severity of cognitive impairment ( r=0.234 1, P=0.024). The macula thickness in each subgroup of PD was thinner than that of the normal control group. The macula thickness gradually became thinner with the cognitive impairment increasing ( r=0.283 9, P<0.001). The macular thickness (normal controls: (10.67±0.12) μm/BMI, PD group: (9.51±0.07) μm/BMI, t=8.312, P<0.001) and volume (normal controls: (0.316±0.010) mm 3/BMI, PD group: (0.270±0.010) mm 3/BMI, t=3.570, P<0.001) became thinner and smaller in patients with PD. Conclusions:In patients with PD, the thickness of the retina nerve fiber layer, the volume and thickness of the macula become thinner/smaller with the severity of cognitive impairments increasing. Macular thickness and volume in patients with PD appear thinner/smaller, which can be used as a valuable biological marker in the early stage of PD. The retina nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with PD becomes thinner, which may be accompanied by cognitive impairment.

Early diagnostic value of olfactory cortex diffusion kurtosis imaging in Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To explore the value of magnetic resonance diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the early diagnosis of Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:Thirty patients with early PD who were admitted to the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital From December 2016 to September 2017 were selected as case group, and 20 healthy persons in the same period were selected as healthy control group. 3.0 T GE magnetic resonance DKI was used to analyze olfactory related brain regions of the case group and the control group, the statistical differences were compared between the two groups in fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusion (MD), mean kurtosis (MK) values of olfactory cortex, and the correlation between MK values of olfactory cortex of the case group and age, disease course, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage, olfactory test, cognitive function evaluation was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the best diagnostic cutoff value of olfactory cortical MK in PD.Results:The left amygdala MK between the PD group (0.595±0.037) and the control group (0.647±0.091) showed statistically significant difference ( t=-2.183, P=0.037). ROC curve was drawn according to the MK value of the left amygdala of the PD group: the best diagnostic cutoff value was 0.597, the sensitivity was 65.0%, and the specificity was 52.2%. There was a statistically significant difference between the PD group and the control group in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA; 21.03±3.71 vs 24.25±1.65, t=-3.636, P=0.001) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores (13.93±1.36 vs 15.00±1.25, t=-2.086, P=0.042), and there was negative correlation between MoCA, FAB scores and H-Y stage ( r=-0.548, P=0.007; r=-0.465, P=0.025). There was a positive correlation between MK value of the right direct gyrus of the PD group and MoCA evaluation results ( r=0.447, P=0.032). Conclusions:The left amygdala DKI can be used as a biomarker of PD in the early stage, which is helpful for the early diagnosis of PD. MoCA and FAB scales can be used as tools to monitor the progress of PD cognitive impairment. PD cognitive dysfunction may be related to impairment of frontal lobe function.

Epidemiological characteristics of children with hand, foot, and mouth disease and herpetic angina in Wenzhou City and their correlation with meteorological factors / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of children with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpetic angina (HA) in Wenzhou City and the influence of meteorological factors on the pathogenesis, and to provide basis for early warning and disease prevention.Methods:A total of 62 809 children diagnosed with HFMD and 56 005 with HA in the 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children′s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University during 2012 to 2017 were enrolled. The meteorological factors during 2012 to 2017 were collected monthly. The data were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation and multivariant linear stepwise regression model.Results:The number of cases of HFMD and HA began to rise in the spring, and decreased after reaching the peak from May to July. Then there was a secondary peak from September to December, and the incidence decreased significantly in winter. Univariate correlation analysis showed that the effects of different meteorological factors on HFMD and HA were basically the same. Multivariant linear stepwise regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between monthly mean temperature (X) and the number of HFMD cases. The regression equation was Y=-161.450+ 53.828X ( F=22.250, P<0.01). Monthly mean relative humidity (X 1) and temperature (X 2) were positively associated with the number of HA cases. The regression equation was Y=-3 521.196+ 46.814X 1+ 41.762X 2 ( F=18.351, P<0.01). Conclusions:The trends of onset time of HFMD and HA are similar. The meteorological factors are closely related to HFMD and HA, and their incidence trends are significantly affected by meteorological changes.

Herpes virus and Alzheimer's disease: the debate and new evidence / 中华神经科杂志

Alzheimer's disease is a chronic progressive neurodegeneration disease,currently the pathogenesis of which is not fully elucidated and no disease-modifying therapies are available.The amyloid-beta cascade hypothesis is still predominant in the field.Although has been proposed for decades,the herpes virus hypothesis remains controversial due to lack of solid evidence.New evidence supporting the hypothesis is emerging while debates remain,which would be the focus of this paper.

Application and inspirations of nursing intervention classification at home and abroad / 中华医院管理杂志

Nursing intervention classification (NIC) is an effective system in documenting nursing work, which can improve nursing quality, strengthen the standard of nursing charging, and promote nursing education and research. In addition, it can be used as a standardized nursing language to satisfy the needs of electronic computerized nursing record. The authors introduced the content of NIC, as well as the advantages found in overseas application and the status of application and research at home. Also presented are the application prospect, research approaches and advices on how to apply the NIC system in clinical practice at home.

Salivary α-synuclein and DJ-1 for the value of the diagnosis of Parkinson disease / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of quantitative detection of α-synuclein and DJ-1 protein in saliva for Parkinson Disease. Methods Twenty seven patients diagnosed with primary Parkinson's disease and 27 healthy controls were studied.The clinical data of all subjects were collected.Each participant received a disease evaluation including Hohn-Yahr stage, unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-Ⅱ / Ⅲ, 12 Item odor identification test from Sniffin'Sticks (SS-12), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).α-syn and DJ-1 protein in saliva were examined by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The statistical analysis was used to test the difference in these two protein levels between patient and control groups and the correlation with age, gender and course of disease. Results There were significant changes in mean concentration of salivary α-syn (1269.02±16.09 pg/mL、1350.51±25.79 pg/mL,P=0.010) and DJ-1 protein (6.07±3.23 ng/mL、8.43±4.33 ng/mL,P=0.027) between patient and control groups. The sensitivity of α-syn and DJ-1 protein levels in PD diagnosis was 55.56% and 77.8%,and the specificity was 89.19% and 55.6%.The area under the ROC curve in finding the PD of α-syn and DJ-1 was 0.671 and 0.649, respectively. In Parkinson disease group, age, gender, UPDRS-Ⅱ / Ⅲ, Hohn-Yahr stage, SS-12, MMSE and MoCA of Parkinson's disease group were not related to the concentration of α-syn and DJ-1 protein in saliva (P>0.05). Conclusion The detection of α-syn and DJ-1 protein levels in saliva may be an auxiliary tool for diagnosis of PD.

Effect of PERK signaling pathway on osteoblast differentiation of female rats with experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To investigate the changes of PERK,Runx2,osterix,RANKL and OPG in bone tissue of the female rats with experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP)before and after treatment,and to elucidate the role of PERK signaling pathway in PMOP.Methods:The ovariectomized rats were reproduced to osteoporosis models.A total of 45 rats were divided into normal control group(the rats didn't receive any treatment,n=15),osteoporosis group(the rats were ovariectomized,n=15)and osteoporosis treatment group (the ovariectomized rats were injected with estrogen through caudal vein,n=15).The changes of serum collagenⅠ(Col Ⅰ),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and osteocalcin(OCN)of the rats in various groups were observed. Three months after feeding,the femoral shaft of the rats in various groups were taken for pathological section.The gene expression levels of PERK,ATF4,Runx2,osterix,RANKL and OPG in bone tissue of the rats in various groups were detected by RT-PCR;the protein expression levels of PERK,ATF4,Runx2,osterix,RANKL and OPG were detected by Western blotting method.Results:Compared with control group,the levels of serum Col Ⅰ,ALP and OCN in the rats in osteoporosis group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with osteoporosis group,the levels of serum ColⅠ,ALP and OCN of the rats in osteoporosis treatment group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the gene expression levels of PERK, ATF4,Runx2 and osterix in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis group were significantly decreased(P<0.01), and the gene expression level of RANKL was increased(P<0.01);compared with osteoporosis group,the gene expression levels of PERK,ATF4 Runx2 and osterix in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis treatment group were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the gene expression level of RANKL was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the protein expression levels of PERK,Runx2 and osterix in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the protein expression level of RANKL were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with osteoporosis group,the protein expression levels of PERK,Runx2 and osterix in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis treatment group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the protein expression level of RANKL was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The HE staining results showed that compared with control group,the bone resorption pits in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis group became large with the increased bone absorption,which caused bone loss;compared with osteoporosis group,the resorption in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis treatment group was decreased,and the bone structure returned to normal.Conclusion:After the female rats are ovariectomized and injected with estrogen,the expression trends of PERK and osteoblast transcription factors Runx2 and osterix are consistent,in contrast with the osteoclast transcription factor RANKL expression,suggesting that the osteoblast function is reduced and it is related to the decreased expression of PERK in PMOP onset.

Three-dimensional gait analysis of Lokomat automatic robot in patients with Parkinson's disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of gait training and assessment system of Lokomat automatic robot (Lokomat robot) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods Based on Hoehn-Yahr scale, 30 PD patients ranging from stage 2.5 to 3 were included and randomly assigned to Lokomat robot group ( n＝15) and control group ( n＝15).Lokomat robot system was employed in the training session of the Lokomat robot group, whereas patients in the control group were trained under auditory and visual guidance.Each training session lasted for 20 minutes, and repeated three days per week.Three motor assessments were performed before and after the four weeks training , including timed up and go test (TUGT), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ(UPDRS-Ⅲ) and three-dimensional gait analysis. Repeated measure analysis was performed under general linear mode , using SPSS 20.0.Results Gender, age, height and age of onset were matched in the Lokomat robot and the control groups .Scores of UPDRS-Ⅲ(Lokomat robot group , 23.46 ±2.72 vs 15.87 ±2.07; control group, 23.73 ±1.98 vs 18.07 ±0.80) and results of TUGT (Lokomat robot group, (15.42 ±5.59) vs (10.06 ±4.88) min; control group, (15.75 ± 4.67) vs (12.98 ±3.24) min) showed statistically significant differences before and after the gait training (UPDRS-Ⅲ, F＝258.598, P＝0.000; TUGT, F＝64.998, P＝0.000), and between the two groups (UPDRS-Ⅲ, F＝5.492, P＝0.026; TUGT, F＝6.522, P＝0.016).The step length (Lokomat robot group, (40.00 ±7.05) vs (52.70 ±7.62) cm; control group, (39.16 ±4.52) vs (46.72 ±7.29) cm), stride length (Lokomat robot group, (76.03 ±12.50) vs (90.60 ±12.46) cm; control group, (77.25 ± 8.07 ) vs (88.21 ±8.17) cm), walking pace ( Lokomat robot group, (67.16 ±12.79) vs (83.72 ± 10.96) m/min; control group, (65.35 ±11.56) vs (77.18 ±10.60) m/min), and total supporting phase (Lokomat robot group, 62.31% ±3.32% vs 56.05% ±3.98%; control group, 62.52% ±3.73% vs 57.96%±3.51%) showed significant improvement after training ( step length, F＝90.866, P＝0.000;stride length, F＝218.152, P＝0.000; walking pace, F＝172.236, P＝0.000; total supporting phase , F＝197.945, P＝0.000).Meanwhile, these improvements were more significant in the Lokomat robot group than the control group ( step length, F＝5.853, P＝0.022; stride length, F＝4.346, P＝0.046;walking pace, F＝4.904, P＝0.035; total supporting phase, F＝4.845, P＝0.036).No significant difference in step frequency was found before and after gait training.Conclusion Both gait trainings improved walking ability in PD patients , and Lokomat robot system guided training showed more obvious improvement than the traditional training under hearing and visual cue.

A multi-center research on risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants. Methods The clinical data of 815 late preterm infants (449 males and 366 females) from 25 hospitals in Beijing were collected from October 2015 to April 2016, including 340 cases(41.7％) with hyperbilirubinemia (hyperbilirubinemia group), and 475 cases without hyperbilirubinemia (control group). The clinical data of two groups were compared, and the maternal factors influencing hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants were analyzed with logistic regression. Results There were no significant differences in gender ratio (M:F 1.39 vs. 1.12, t=1.811,P=0.172)and birth weight[(2502.6±439.6)g vs. (2470.2±402.9)g,χ2=2.330,P=0.127)]between two groups. The incidence rates of hyperbilirubinemia in infants of 34 wks, 35 wks and 36 wks of gestational age were 22.9％(87/174), 35％(119/300) and 42.1％(143/341) respectively (χ2=1.218,P=0.544). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the maternal age(OR=1.044,95％ CI:1.010-1.080,P=0.011)was independent risk factor and multiple births(OR=1.365,95％CI:0.989-1.883,P=0.048), premature rupture of membranes(OR=2.350,95％ CI:1.440-3.833,P=0.001), cesarean section(OR=1.540,95％CI:0.588-4.031,P=0.014)were risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants. Conclusions The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants is relatively high. Maternal age, multiple births, premature rupture of membranes and cesarean section are risk maternal factors related to hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm infants.

The olfactory function evaluation of Parkinson disease and its influencing factors / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To explore the incidence of olfactory dysfunction in patients with Parkinson disease and the characteristic as well as its possible influencing factors. Methods The SS-12 was used to evaluate the olfactory function of 106 patients with Parkinson's disease and 110 healthy volunteers. The data was then compared between the two groups to investigate the correlation of olfactory function with age, gender, education, smoking, disease duration, Hohn-Yahr stage, UPDRSⅢscores, the dosage of levodopao and olfactory scores. Results Mean identification scores were significantly lower in patients(5.97 ± 2.27)than in controls(8.04 ± 2.00)(t=7.108, P=7.108). Parkinson's disease group did worse than the control group in identifying some odors including peppermint, bananas,liquorice,coffee,pineap?ple,rose and fish (P0.05). Conclusion Olfactory dysfunction occurs in Parkinson disease with an hign incidence rate. Olfactory function has nothing to do with disease duration, Hohn-Yahr stage, UPDRSⅢscores and the dosage of levodopa in Parkinson disease.

Effect of alprostadil injection on serum TNF-α,β2-MG and sIL-2 R in adjunctive treatment of severe hepatitis with liver and kidney syndrome / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of alprostadil injection on serum tumor necrosis factor ( TNF-α) ,β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in adjunctive treatment of patients of severe hepatitis with liver and kidney syndrome.Methods A total of 60 patients of severe hepatitis with liver and kidney syndrome were collected and randomly divided into experimental group and control group with 30 cases in each group.The two groups were treated by conventional therapy, patients in the control group were treated by continuous renal replacement therapy, patients in the experimental group were treated on the basis of the control group with alprostadil injection in adjuvant therapy for 3 weeks.The serum biochemistry and liver and kidney function and clinical curative effect were detected.Results Compared with the control group, the serum TNF-α, β2-MG and sIL-2R levels of the experimental group were lower (P<0.05); alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirnbin (TBiL) levels were lower (P<0.05), albumin (Alb) level and prothrombin time activity (PTA) were higher (P<0.05), serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), CysC and 24h urine protein were lower (P<0.05), 24h urine volume was higher (P<0.05); efficacy in experimental group was better than control group (Z=-2.321,P=0.020).Conclusion Alprostadil injection in adjunctive treatment of severe hepatitis with liver and kidney syndrome patients has significant effect and high safety, could significantly reduce the serum TNF-α, β2-MG and sIL-2R levels.

Possible effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on Aβ25-35-induced increase of calpain activity / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine ( NAC ) on β amyloid peptide 25 - 35 ( Aβ25-35 )-induced the increase of calpain activity and its possible mechanism. Methods The activity of cal-pain was induced by 20μmol·L-1 Aβ 25-35 in primary cortical neuron. Neurons were incubated in the absent or present Aβ25-35 , or pre-incubated NAC ( 10 mmol ·L-1 ) , then co-incubated with Aβ25-35 . The meas-urement of calpain activity, H2 O2 level and mitochon-drial membrane potential was performed on a micro-plate fluorometer. The ATP level was detected using a luciferin/luciferase based ATP assay kit. Results In Aβ25-35 treated group, the activity of calpain and H2 O2 was obviously higher than that in control group. How-ever, in neurons pre-incubated in NAC and then co-in-cubated in Aβ25-35 , the calpain activity and H2 O2 level were significantly decreased compared with that in Aβ25-35 group. Upon Aβ25-35 exposure for 12 h, corti-cal neurons showed a significant decrease in mitochon-drial membrane potential and ATP level when com-pared to the control group. Pre-treatment with NAC showed an increase in mitochondrial membrane poten-tial and ATP level as compared to neurons treated with Aβ25-35 alone for 12h. Conclusion This result sug-gests that NAC can attenuate calpain activity induced by Aβ25-35 through protecting mitochondria.

False positive results of WBC detected by AVE-763B automatic urine analyzer / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the reasons causing false positive results of white blood cells (WBC) detected by AVE‐763B automatic urine analyzer .Methods WBC positive samples ,detected by AVE‐763B automatic urine analyzer ,were re‐inspected by microscope .Results In the 740 positive samples ,224 cases were false positive ,the false‐positive rate was 30 .2% ,among which 145 cases could be correctly classified by using image analysis ,and the false‐positive rate reduced to 10 .7% .Conclusion Many fac‐tors could cause false positive results .To improve the accuracy of AVE‐763B urine analyzer ,re‐inspect should be performed .